Concetti appresi nei corsi di Fisica Generale II e conoscenze di base su elettronica circuitale

Il corso ha l’obiettivo di fornire una solida preparazione sulle più avanzate tecnologie per monitorare parametri biometrici. Saranno introdotti l’origine dei segnali biochimici, elettrici e meccanici all’interno del corpo umano e le motivazioni per cui è utile monitorarne l’andamento.

Saranno introdotte le tecnologie, le funzioni e le tecniche di progettazione e di simulazione di biosensori in applicazioni in-vitro (sistemi cellulari e organ-on-chip che simulano gli organismi viventi), ex-vivo (tessuti provenienti da organismi) and in-vivo (sperimentazioni cliniche sull’uomo). Saranno inoltre studiati i principali circuiti elettronici per la gestione dei sensori. Le attività teoriche saranno affiancate da attività di laboratorio per la fabbricazione, simulazione e test di biosensori.

L'obiettivo primario del corso è fornire le conoscenze necessarie a comprendere il funzionamento dei più diffusi ed avanzati biosensori, per misurare e monitorare la presenza e la quantità di agenti biochimici e parametri fisiologici del corpo umano.

Saranno discusse diverse tipologie di sensori: sensori per strumentazioni da laboratorio, point-of-care (PoC) e sensori indossabili.

I diversi blocchi costituenti dei sensori saranno introdotti e spiegati:

- Elemento per il riconoscimento (recettore);

- Trasduttore;

- Acquisizione, condizionamento dei dati e trasmissione.

Saranno inoltre discusse le diverse tecnologie dei biosensori, anche in collaborazione con esperti internazionali (KU Leuven, Denmark Technical University):

- sensori elettrochimici;

- sensori ottici;

- sensori termici;

- sensori piezoelettrici.

Durante il corso saranno effettuati laboratori dove saranno realizzati biosensori e la corrispondente elettronica di controllo e lettura.

Lezioni frontali in aula ed attività laboratoriale

Esame orale

1. Definizioni

Sensori, biosensori, trasduttori, segnali biochimici.
Classificazione dei sensori sulla base di: misurando, energia, conversione del segnale, materiali, specifiche, segnale d'uscita, applicazione.

2. Blocchi costituenti dei biosensori

Analiti: Molecole, DNA/RNA, Proteine, Batteri, Virus;

Elementi di riconoscimento (recettori): Anticorpi, enzimi, virus, batteri, cellule, aptameri.

Trasduttori: Elettrochimici, ottici, termici e piezoelettrici.

Elettronica per l'acquisizione, analisi, condizionamento e trasmissione del dato.

Tipologia di risultato.

3. Fondamenti di elettronica circuitale per la lettura ed il condizionamento del segnale

Dispositivi elettronici e circuiti elettronici per biosensori.

4. Laboratori per la realizzazione di biosensori e dell'elettronica di readout.

5. Sensori indossibili.

Fondamenti, implementazioni ed applicazioni

• Flexible and Wearable Sensors: Materials, Technologies, and Challenges (CRC press)
• Introduction to Biosensors: From Electric Circuits to Immunosensors (Springer)
• Edward Sazonov Wearable Sensors: Fundamentals, Implementation and Applications (2020, Academic Press).
• Dispense del docente

it is recommended to overcome the exam of Analog Electronics preliminary.

The course is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic analog circuits (bandgap reference, current mirrors, differential couple, Miller opamp, class A and class AB output stages, etc…).

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic analog circuits.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of analog circuits.

The Course forecasts 30 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and
fundamental circuit analysis. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the
art circuit simulator. 24 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:
1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned circuit. The circuit must be
simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit
design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the
circuit. it is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of
the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.
2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the basic circuits studied during the course; it is
aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and
use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, problem solving abilities and the
capacity integrate different concepts and tools.

To set an appointment contact prof. Stefano D'Amico by email (stefano.damico@unisalento.it)

• The MOS transistor (6 hours)

-Description of the NMOS transistor

-Second order effects: velocity saturation of carriers and variation of the threshold voltage

-Noise in MOS device

-MOS transistor layout

• Passive components (6 hours)

-Integrated capacitors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

-Integrated resistors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

• Analog switches (6 hours)

-Analog switches implementation

-Charge injection and clock feedtrough

• Bias circuits (6 hours)

-CMOS current mirrors

-Current reference

-Voltage reference

• Basic gain stages (6 hours)

-Gain stages

-Output stages

• Exercitation

-Analysis and design of circuit examples (6 hours)

• Laboratory

-Design experiences by using the circuit simulator (18 hours):

• • Transistor Behaviour:

Coarse MOS parameter extraction

MOS behaviour worst case variation

Channel length modulation effects

Low-voltage current mirror design

VTH dependence on MOS gate length (L)

VTH dependence on MOS gate width (W)

Velocity saturation effects

• • Circuit design

A two-stage opamp

1. Baschirotto, "Slides of the course"

2. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor”

3. S.D'Amico "Slides on the MOS transistor"

4. Tutorials on CAD exercises

5. F. Maloberti "Analog Design for CMOS VLSI Systems", Kluwer Academic Publishers

5. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

It is recommended to overcome the exam of Analog Electronics preliminary.

This is a course in RF Microelectronic: it is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design RF analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic RF analog circuits (LNA, Mixer, etc…) and wireless transceiver architectures.

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic RF analog circuits and wireless transceiver architecture.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of RF analog circuits.

6) Correctly expose a RF circuit study or a wireless transceiver architecture description.

The Course forecasts 30 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental RF circuit analysis and wireless architectures. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 24 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned RF circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. It is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the RF basic circuits studied during the course or a wireless RF architecture; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, correct exposure of the circuit analysis, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts.

to set an appointment contact the instructor by email (stefano.damico@unisalento.it).

• 1. Introduction to the RF and Wireless Technology

-Wireless communication systems today

-CMOS RF design issues

• 2. Basic Concepts in the RF Design

-Non-linearitiy issues

-Noise issue

-S parameters

-Timing/frequency issues

• 3. Passive RF Circuits and Impedance Matching

-Matching for power

-Matching for impedance

-Matching for noise

-Design of matching circuits

-Transmission line issues

• 4. Transceivers Architectures

-RF transceiver at glance

-Superheterodyne receivers

-Direct receivers

-Low-IF receivers

-Need of I&Q down conversion

-Direct conversion transmitters

- Two steps transmitters

• 5. Low-Noise Amplifiers

-LNAs in receiver front-ends

-Impedance matching

-Stability

-Circuit examples

• 6. Mixers

-Basics of mixers

-Passive mixers

-Active mixers

-Circuits examples

• 7. Oscillators

-General considerations

-Basic LC oscillator Topologies

-Phase noise

-Circuit examples

• 8. Frequency Synthesizers

-Preliminary considerations

-Phase Locked Loop frequency synthesizers

-Noise and frequency spurs

-Direct digital synthesizers

• 9. Cases of study: GSM and UMTS Receiver design

-Standard descriptions

-RX chain specs derivation

-RX dimensioning

Behzad Razavi “RF Microelectronics”

it is recommended to overcome the exam of Analog Electronics preliminary.

The course is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic analog circuits (bandgap reference, current mirrors, differential couple, Miller opamp, class A and class AB output stages, etc…).

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic analog circuits.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of analog circuits.

The Course forecasts 30 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and
fundamental circuit analysis. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the
art circuit simulator. 24 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:
1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned circuit. The circuit must be
simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit
design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the
circuit. it is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of
the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.
2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the basic circuits studied during the course; it is
aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and
use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, problem solving abilities and the
capacity integrate different concepts and tools.

To set an appointment contact prof. Stefano D'Amico by email (stefano.damico@unisalento.it)

• The MOS transistor [1,2,3,4,5,6] (6 hours)

-Description of the NMOS transistor

-Second order effects: velocity saturation of carriers and variation of the threshold voltage

-Noise in MOS device

-MOS transistor layout

• Passive components [1,7] (6 hours)

-Integrated capacitors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

-Integrated resistors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

• Analog switches [1,8] (6 hours)

-Analog switches implementation

-Charge injection and clock feedtrough

• Bias circuits [1,9,10] (6 hours)

-CMOS current mirrors

-Current reference

-Voltage reference

• Basic gain stages [1,11] (6 hours)

-Gain stages

-Output stages

-Level shifter

• Exercitation

-Analysis and design of circuit examples [1] (6 hours)

• Laboratory

-Design experiences by using the circuit simulator [12] (18 hours):

• • Transistor Behaviour:

Coarse MOS parameter extraction

MOS behaviour worst case variation

Channel length modulation effects

Low-voltage current mirror design

VTH dependence on MOS gate length (L)

VTH dependence on MOS gate width (W)

Velocity saturation effects

• • Circuit design

A two-stage opamp

1. Baschirotto, "Slides del corso"

2. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor”

3. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 7-45.

4. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 102-107.

5. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 116-130.

6. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 187-226.

7. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 108-115.

8. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 401-451.

9. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 131-175.

10. Gray, Hurst, Lewis, Mayer “Analysis and design of integrated circuits” Fourth edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pages 299-332

11. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 227-310.

12. Tutorials on CAD exercises

It is recommended to overcome the exam of Analog Electronics preliminary.

This is a course in RF Microelectronic: it is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design RF analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic RF analog circuits (LNA, Mixer, etc…) and wireless transceiver architectures.

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic RF analog circuits and wireless transceiver architecture.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of RF analog circuits.

6) Correctly expose a RF circuit study or a wireless transceiver architecture description.

The Course forecasts 30 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental RF circuit analysis and wireless architectures. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 24 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned RF circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. It is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the RF basic circuits studied during the course or a wireless RF architecture; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, correct exposure of the circuit analysis, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts.

to set an appointment contact the instructor by email (stefano.damico@unisalento.it).

• 1. Introduction to the RF and Wireless Technology

-Wireless communication systems today

-CMOS RF design issues

• 2. Basic Concepts in the RF Design

-Non-linearitiy issues

-Noise issue

-Timing/frequency issues

• 3. Matching

-Matching for power

-Matching for impedance

-Matching for noise

-Design of matching circuits

-Transmission line issues

• 4. Transceivers Architectures

-RF transceiver at glance

-Superheterodyne receivers

-Direct receivers

-Low-IF receivers

-Need of I&Q down conversion

-Direct conversion transmitters

- Two steps transmitters

• 5. Low-Noise Amplifiers

-LNAs in receiver front-ends

-Impedance matching

-S-parameters and stability

-Circuit examples

-Downconversion Mixers

• 6. Mixers

-Basics of mixers

-Active mixers

-Passive switching mixers

-Circuits examples

• 7. Oscillators

-General considerations

-Basic LC oscillator Topologies

-Phase noise

-Noise folding

-Circuit examples

• 8. Frequency Synthesizers

-Preliminary considerations

-Phase Locked Loop frequency synthesizers

-Noise and frequency spurs

-Direct digital synthesizers

• 9. Cases of study: GSM and UMTS Receiver design

-Standard descriptions

-RX chain specs derivation

-RX dimensioning

Behzad Razavi “RF Microelectronics”

Sono importanti le conoscenze di base di teoria delle reti che verranno solo brevemente riprese all’inizio del Corso. Perciò è fortemente consigliato di superare prima l’esame di Teoria dei Circuiti. Non ci sono propedeuticità.

Il corso ambisce a fornire i principi e gli strumenti per l’analisi e la progettazione di circuiti analogici elementari. Si tratta di un corso di base per i successivi corsi avanzati nell’area dell’Elettronica.

Alla fine del corso lo studente deve essere in grado di:

1) comprendere i pricinpi fisici alla base del funzionamento dei dispositivi elementari (diodi, transistor bipolari, e transistor MOS);

2) risolvere reti non lineari contenenti i diodi, ed analizzare il comportamento di tali reti in presenza di piccoli segnali;

3) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor bipolari;

4) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor MOS;

5) analizzare e progettare reti contenenti amplificatori operazionali;

6) comunicare correttamente in termini idonei i risultati dell’analisi e/o della progettazione.

Il corso consiste in 42 ore di lezioni teoriche e di 12 ore di esercitazioni. Durante le lezioni teoriche i dispositivi trattati (diodi transistor bipolari, transistor MOS) verranno descritti dapprima a livello di fisico, poi a livello elettrico ed infine verranno analizzati reti elettriche di uso comune che includono il dispositivo in oggetto. Le esercitazioni prevedono lo svolgimento di esercizi d’esame ripresi dagli appelli passati.

L’esame è scritto e consiste nel risolvere tre esercizi:

1. Il primo esercizio richiede di risolvere una rete non lineare contenete dei diodi. Allo studente è chiesto di individuare lo stato di funzionamento dei diodi al variare di una variabile nel circuito (ad esempio una tensione di polarizzazione). Si può richiedere di tracciare l’andamento di una variabile di uscita (generalmente una tensione) e/o di disegnare l’andamento del transitorio in risposta ad uno stimolo sinusoidale, oppure di calcolare il guadagno di piccolo segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità dello studente di analizzare reti non lineari contenenti diodi e di comunicare in maniera chiara quanto appreso.

2. Il secondo esercizio richiede il calcolo del punto di lavoro di un circuito contenente transistor MOS o bipolari. In seguito è richiesto di calcolare il guadagno e di tracciare la risposta in frequenza, oppure di calcolare la dinamica del segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la comprensione dello studente del funzionamento elettrico del transistor e delle tecniche di analisi circuitale (piccolo segnale, risposta in frequenza), nonché la capacità di esprimere in maniera chiara l’analisi del circuito.

3. Il terzo esercizio richiede la soluzione di un circuito contenente un amplificatore operazionale (opamp). In genere, nel primo punto dell’esercizio si richiede la soluzione della rete considerando l’opamp ideale. Nei punti successivi si richiede di analizzare lo stesso circuito considerando alcune non idealità dell’opamp, come guadagno finito o offset. Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità di analisi di circuiti contenenti opamp ideali, di comprensione dei limiti fisici degli opamp, nonché la padronanza dialettica dei concetti appresi.

L’esame dura tre ore. E’ richiesta la registrazione all’esame sul portale dove sono riportate le informazioni relative alla data il luogo e l’ora dell’appello di esame. Trattandosi di un corso integrato con quello di Elettronica Digitale, il voto finale sarà il risultato della media aritmetica tra il voto della prova di Elettronica Analogica ed il voto della prova di Elettronica Digitale.

!!!!!!Modalità d'esame in emergenza Covid-19

Nella fase critica della pandemia Covid-19 l'esame si terrà on-line secondo le direttive dell'Università. L'esame è pubblico.

Per accedere occorre collegarsi al seguente link:

https://teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3a49a0d01da2834187832ce5eadf2f6c7b%40thread.tacv2/conversations?groupId=97846e1f-d693-4b63-830e-eb95c107270f&tenantId=8d49eb30-429e-4944-8349-dee009bdd7da

L'esame consiste in una prova scritta secondo le stesse modalità previste in presenza.

Teoria

-Richiami di teoria delle  1,2,3 (6 ore)

-Il diodo a semiconduttore 3,4,5 (9 ore)

Comportamento a grandi e piccoli segnali. Circuiti con i diodi.

-Il transistor bipolare 3,6 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor bipolare. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno.

-Il transistor MOS 3,7 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor MOS. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno. Confronto con il transistor bipolare.

-L'amplificatore operazionale 3,8 (9 ore)

Definizione di amplificatore operazionale. La reazione negativa. Circuiti di guadagno ad anello chiuso con l'amplificatore operazionale.

Esercitazione

-Analisi e sintesi di circuiti elettronici 2,9,10 (12 ore)

1. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 5-38

2. Baschirotto, "Note del corso" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

3. S. D’Amico “Chapter 1: "Outline of the circuit theory"

4. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 139-211

5. S. D’Amico “Chapter 2: The Semiconductor Diode”

6. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 377-503

7. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor”

8. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 63-112

9. S. D’Amico “Esempi di esercizi d’esame e esercizi d’esame svolti”

10. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits - Solutions " – Oxford University Press – 2004

Fundamental bases of Analog Electronics are required.

The course is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic analog circuits (bandgap reference, current mirrors, differential couple, Miller opamp, class A and class AB output stages, etc…).

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic analog circuits.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of analog circuits.

6) Express properly the results of the analysis and the design of analog circuits.

The Course forecasts 33 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental circuit analysis. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 21 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. it is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the basic circuits studied during the course; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts and tools.

• The MOS transistor1,2,3,4,5,6 (6 ore)

-Description of the NMOS transistor

-Second order effects: velocity saturation of carriers and variation of the threshold voltage

-Noise in MOS device

-MOS transistor layout

• Passive components1,7 (6 ore)

-Integrated capacitors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

-Integrated resistors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

• Analog switches1,8 (6 ore)

-Analog switches implementation

-Charge injection and clock feedtrough

• Bias circuits1,9,10 (6 ore)

-CMOS current mirrors

-Current reference

-Voltage reference

• Basic gain stages1,11 (9 ore)

-Gain stages

-Output stages

-Level shifter

• Laboratory

-Design experiences by using the circuit simulator 12 (21 ore):

• • Transistor Behaviour:

Coarse MOS parameter extraction

MOS behaviour worst case variation

Channel length modulation effects

Low-voltage current mirror design

VTH dependence on MOS gate length (L)

VTH dependence on MOS gate width (W)

Velocity saturation effects

• • Circuit design

A Low-voltage bandgap

1. Baschirotto, "Slides del corso"

2. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor”

3. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 7-45.

4. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 102-107.

5. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 116-130.

6. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 187-226.

7. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 108-115.

8. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 401-451.

9. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 131-175.

10. Gray, Hurst, Lewis, Mayer “Analysis and design of integrated circuits” Fourth edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pages 299-332

11. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 227-310.

12. A. Baschirotto, S. D’Amico "IDESA Advanced tutorial series"

It is recommended to overcome the exam of Analog Electronics preliminary.

This is a course in RF Microelectronic: it is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design RF analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic RF analog circuits (LNA, Mixer, etc…) and wireless transceiver architectures.

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic RF analog circuits and wireless transceiver architecture.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of RF analog circuits.

6) Correctly expose a RF circuit study or a wireless transceiver architecture description.

The Course forecasts 33 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental RF circuit analysis and wireless architectures. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 21 hours of laboratory are forecast.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned RF circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. It is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the RF basic circuits studied during the course or a wireless RF architecture; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, correct exposure of the circuit analysis, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts.

Teaching material is available once the login to the website is done. Contact the instructor by email for questions or to have an appointment (stefano.damico@unisalento.it).

• 1. Introduction to the RF and Wireless Technology

-Wireless communication systems today

-CMOS RF design issues

• 2. Basic Concepts in the RF Design

-Non-linearitiy issues

-Noise issue

-Timing/frequency issues

• 3. Matching

-Matching for power

-Matching for impedance

-Matching for noise

-Design of matching circuits

-Transmission line issues

• 4. Transceivers Architectures

-RF transceiver at glance

-Superheterodyne receivers

-Direct receivers

-Low-IF receivers

-Need of I&Q down conversion

-Direct conversion transmitters

- Two steps transmitters

• 5. Low-Noise Amplifiers

-LNAs in receiver front-ends

-Impedance matching

-S-parameters and stability

-Circuit examples

-Downconversion Mixers

• 6. Mixers

-Basics of mixers

-Active mixers

-Passive switching mixers

-Circuits examples

• 7. Oscillators

-General considerations

-Basic LC oscillator Topologies

-Phase noise

-Noise folding

-Circuit examples

• 8. Frequency Synthesizers

-Preliminary considerations

-Phase Locked Loop frequency synthesizers

-Noise and frequency spurs

-Direct digital synthesizers

• 9. Cases of study: GSM and UMTS Receiver design

-Standard descriptions

-RX chain specs derivation

-RX dimensioning

Behzad Razavi “RF Microelectronics”

Sono importanti le conoscenze di base di teoria delle reti che verranno solo brevemente riprese all’inizio del Corso. Perciò è fortemente consigliato di superare prima l’esame di Teoria dei Circuiti. Non ci sono propedeuticità.

Il corso ambisce a fornire i principi e gli strumenti per l’analisi e la progettazione di circuiti analogici elementari. Si tratta di un corso di base per i successivi corsi avanzati nell’area dell’Elettronica.

Alla fine del corso lo studente deve essere in grado di:

1) comprendere i pricinpi fisici alla base del funzionamento dei dispositivi elementari (diodi, transistor bipolari, e transistor MOS);

2) risolvere reti non lineari contenenti i diodi, ed analizzare il comportamento di tali reti in presenza di piccoli segnali;

3) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor bipolari;

4) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor MOS;

5) analizzare e progettare reti contenenti amplificatori operazionali;

6) comunicare correttamente in termini idonei i risultati dell’analisi e/o della progettazione.

Il corso consiste in 42 ore di lezioni teoriche e di 12 ore di esercitazioni. Durante le lezioni teoriche i dispositivi trattati (diodi transistor bipolari, transistor MOS) verranno descritti dapprima a livello di fisico, poi a livello elettrico ed infine verranno analizzati reti elettriche di uso comune che includono il dispositivo in oggetto. Le esercitazioni prevedono lo svolgimento di esercizi d’esame ripresi dagli appelli passati.

L’esame è scritto e consiste nel risolvere tre esercizi:

1. Il primo esercizio richiede di risolvere una rete non lineare contenete dei diodi. Allo studente è chiesto di individuare lo stato di funzionamento dei diodi al variare di una variabile nel circuito (ad esempio una tensione di polarizzazione). Si può richiedere di tracciare l’andamento di una variabile di uscita (generalmente una tensione) e/o di disegnare l’andamento del transitorio in risposta ad uno stimolo sinusoidale, oppure di calcolare il guadagno di piccolo segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità dello studente di analizzare reti non lineari contenenti diodi e di comunicare in maniera chiara quanto appreso.

2. Il secondo esercizio richiede il calcolo del punto di lavoro di un circuito contenente transistor MOS o bipolari. In seguito è richiesto di calcolare il guadagno e di tracciare la risposta in frequenza, oppure di calcolare la dinamica del segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la comprensione dello studente del funzionamento elettrico del transistor e delle tecniche di analisi circuitale (piccolo segnale, risposta in frequenza), nonché la capacità di esprimere in maniera chiara l’analisi del circuito.

3. Il terzo esercizio richiede la soluzione di un circuito contenente un amplificatore operazionale (opamp). In genere, nel primo punto dell’esercizio si richiede la soluzione della rete considerando l’opamp ideale. Nei punti successivi si richiede di analizzare lo stesso circuito considerando alcune non idealità dell’opamp, come guadagno finito o offset. Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità di analisi di circuiti contenenti opamp ideali, di comprensione dei limiti fisici degli opamp, nonché la padronanza dialettica dei concetti appresi.

L’esame dura tre ore. E’ richiesta la registrazione all’esame sul portale dove sono riportate le informazioni relative alla data il luogo e l’ora dell’appello di esame. Trattandosi di un corso integrato con quello di Elettronica Digitale, il voto finale sarà il risultato della media aritmetica tra il voto della prova di Elettronica Analogica ed il voto della prova di Elettronica Digitale.

!!!!!!Modalità d'esame in emergenza Covid-19

Nella fase critica della pandemia Covid-19 l'esame si terrà on-line secondo le direttive dell'Università. L'esame è pubblico.

Per accedere occorre collegarsi al seguente link:

https://teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3a49a0d01da2834187832ce5eadf2f6c7b%40thread.tacv2/conversations?groupId=97846e1f-d693-4b63-830e-eb95c107270f&tenantId=8d49eb30-429e-4944-8349-dee009bdd7da

L'esame è diviso in una prova scritta e una successiva prova orale. La prova scritta prevede 3 esercizi (uno sulla polarizzazione di un circuto con diodi, uno sul calcolo del guadagno di un circuito con un MOS, uno sul calcolo del guadagno di un circuito con opamp). La durata è di circa mezz'ora. L'orale verterà sulle modalità di svolgimento della prova scritta. A partire dalla correzione dello scritto, verranno fatte delle domande di teoria. Anche l'orale durerà mezz'ora circa.

Teoria

-Richiami di teoria delle reti1,2 (6 ore)

-Il diodo a semiconduttore2,3,4 (9 ore)

Comportamento a grandi e piccoli segnali. Circuiti con i diodi.

-Il transistor bipolare2,5 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor bipolare. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno.

-Il transistor MOS2,6 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor bipolare. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno. Confronto con il transistor bipolare.

-L'amplificatore operazionale2,7 (9 ore)

Definizione di amplificatore operazionale. La reazione negativa. Circuiti di guadagno ad anello chiuso con l'amplificatore operazionale.

Esercitazione

-Analisi e sintesi di circuiti elettronici2,8,9 (12 ore)

1. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 5-38

2. Baschirotto, "Note del corso" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

3. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 139-211

4. S. D’Amico “Chapter 2: The Semiconductor Diode” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

5. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 377-503

6. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

7. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 63-112

8. S. D’Amico “Esempi di esercizi d’esame e esercizi d’esame svolti” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

9. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits - Solutions " – Oxford University Press – 2004

Fundamental bases of Analog Electronics are required.

The course is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic analog circuits (bandgap reference, current mirrors, differential couple, Miller opamp, class A and class AB output stages, etc…).

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic analog circuits.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of analog circuits.

6) Express properly the results of the analysis and the design of analog circuits.

The Course forecasts 33 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental circuit analysis. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 36 hours of laboratory are forecast. Moreover, 12 lectures about manual analysis and design of circuit examples are proposed.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. it is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the basic circuits studied during the course; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts and tools.

• The MOS transistor1,2,3,4,5,6 (6 ore)

-Description of the NMOS transistor

-Second order effects: velocity saturation of carriers and variation of the threshold voltage

-Noise in MOS device

-MOS transistor layout

• Passive components1,7 (6 ore)

-Integrated capacitors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

-Integrated resistors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

• Analog switches1,8 (6 ore)

-Analog switches implementation

-Charge injection and clock feedtrough

• Bias circuits1,9,10 (6 ore)

-CMOS current mirrors

-Current reference

-Voltage reference

• Basic gain stages1,11 (9 ore)

-Gain stages

-Output stages

-Level shifter

• Exercitation

-Analysis and design of circuit examples1 (12 ore)

• Laboratory

-Design experiences by using the circuit simulator 12 (36 ore):

• • Transistor Behaviour:

Coarse MOS parameter extraction

MOS behaviour worst case variation

Channel length modulation effects

Low-voltage current mirror design

VTH dependence on MOS gate length (L)

VTH dependence on MOS gate width (W)

Velocity saturation effects

• • Circuit design

A Low-voltage bandgap

A two-stage opamp

1. Baschirotto, "Slides del corso" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

2. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

3. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 7-45.

4. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 102-107.

5. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 116-130.

6. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 187-226.

7. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 108-115.

8. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 401-451.

9. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 131-175.

10. Gray, Hurst, Lewis, Mayer “Analysis and design of integrated circuits” Fourth edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pages 299-332

11. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 227-310.

12. A. Baschirotto, S. D’Amico "IDESA Advanced tutorial series" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

Knowledge in analog and digital electronic, C++ programming.

Overview

This course embraces themes of sensing and transduction, signal acquisition, design of analog/digital circuital blocks, analysis of embedded systems and an overview on rapid prototyping solutions for advanced electronic design. These are vital subjects for any system which extracts signals from the real world and processes the information digitally. The course comprises information on signals, sensor and transducer principles, related applications, embedded electronic design for signal acquisition and finally design and testing, by using a specific software, of an electronic acquisition board managed by a microcontroller.

Course Contents

• Introduction: sensors, transducers, processing devices and smart units.
• Block scheme of channel for signal and information acquisition and processing.
• Physical principles of sensors and transducers. Fundamental concepts: sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, linearity, offset, gain, signal-to-noise ratio, standard deviation, measurement error.
• Sensors: strain gauge, piezo-electric sensors, temperature sensors, light and radiation sensors, accelerometers, proximity sensors, magnetic field sensors, sensors of displacement, angle, speed, level, force, pressure, flow rate. Industrial and automotive applications of commecial sensors.
• Electronic sensing circuits, new generation intelligent (smart) sensors.
• Digital to analogue converters – internal structure and design. Analogue to digital converters - principal methods.
• Internal scheme, operation and programming of a microcontroller (PIC).
• Proteus software for the design and simulation of smart boards for signals acquisition/processing.

Learning Outcomes

After the course the student should be able to:

* Understand the principles of operation of commonly used sensors, transducers, and instruments.

* Define technical specifications and to select sensors and transducers for a given application.

* Understand terminologies associated with instrumentation systems (e.g., range, sensitivity, dynamic response, calibration, hysteresis, error, accuracy, precision, data uncertainty, mean and standard deviation).

* Use data acquisition software and hardware to collect and analyze data from a physical system.

* Analyze and understand the operation of computerized instrumentation systems for industrial processes using multiple sensors, electronic interfaces, data acquisition boards based on microcontrollers.

* Use commercial software for the design and simulation of electronic boards managed by a microcontroller

* Gain experience in developing computerized instrumentation systems for industrial processes using multiple sensors, interface electronics, data acquisition smart boards.

* Acquire an experience in designing an electronic acquisition system of physical quantities.

The course consists of lectures by using the slides provided to the students and laboratory activities related to the design and simulation of electronic solutions by the Proteus software. Also the teacher makes available on the website in addition to the slides of the lessons, further handouts to facilitate the understanding of the topics and the designing of the electronics systems. 

The final exam consists of an oral question on the theoretical topics of the course and in the presentation of a project realized by the student with the Proteus software.

Examination: oral and project discussion related to Proteus software.

The exam consists of an oral examination related the theoretical and practical contents of the course. In addition, the student has to present a circuital project realized with Proteus software and discuss its contents showing operation modes of designed electronic board managed by a microcontroller and related simulation results (maximum overall duration: two hours).

Office Hours: By appointment; contact the instructor by email or at the end of class meetings.

Overview

This course embraces themes of sensing and transduction, signal acquisition, design of analog/digital circuital blocks, analysis of embedded systems and an overview on rapid prototyping solutions for advanced electronic design. These are vital subjects for any system which extracts signals from the real world and processes the information digitally. The course comprises information on signals, sensor and transducer principles, related applications, embedded electronic design for signal acquisition and finally design and testing, by using a specific software, of an electronic acquisition board managed by a microcontroller.

Course Contents

• Introduction: sensors, transducers, processing devices and smart units.
• Block scheme of channel for signal and information acquisition and processing.
• Physical principles of sensors and transducers. Fundamental concepts: sensitivity, resolution, accuracy, linearity, offset, gain, signal-to-noise ratio, standard deviation, measurement error.
• Sensors: strain gauge, piezo-electric sensors, temperature sensors, light and radiation sensors, accelerometers, proximity sensors, magnetic field sensors, sensors of displacement, angle, speed, level, force, pressure, flow rate. Industrial and automotive applications of commecial sensors.
• Electronic sensing circuits, new generation intelligent (smart) sensors.
• Digital to analogue converters – internal structure and design. Analogue to digital converters - principal methods.
• Internal scheme, operation and programming of a microcontroller (PIC).
• Proteus software for the design and simulation of smart boards for signals acquisition/processing.

Teaching materials: teacher handouts.

Sono importanti le conoscenze di base di teoria delle reti che verranno solo brevemente riprese all’inizio del Corso. Perciò è fortemente consigliato di superare prima l’esame di Teoria dei Circuiti. Non ci sono propedeuticità.

Il corso ambisce a fornire i principi e gli strumenti per l’analisi e la progettazione di circuiti analogici elementari. Si tratta di un corso di base per i successivi corsi avanzati nell’area dell’Elettronica.

Alla fine del corso lo studente deve essere in grado di:

1) comprendere i pricinpi fisici alla base del funzionamento dei dispositivi elementari (diodi, transistor bipolari, e transistor MOS);

2) risolvere reti non lineari contenenti i diodi, ed analizzare il comportamento di tali reti in presenza di piccoli segnali;

3) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor bipolari;

4) calcolare il punto di lavoro, la risposta in frequenza, e i limiti di dinamica del segnale di circuiti contenenti transistor MOS;

5) analizzare e progettare reti contenenti amplificatori operazionali;

6) comunicare correttamente in termini idonei i risultati dell’analisi e/o della progettazione.

Il corso consiste in 42 ore di lezioni teoriche e di 12 ore di esercitazioni. Durante le lezioni teoriche i dispositivi trattati (diodi transistor bipolari, transistor MOS) verranno descritti dapprima a livello di fisico, poi a livello elettrico ed infine verranno analizzati reti elettriche di uso comune che includono il dispositivo in oggetto. Le esercitazioni prevedono lo svolgimento di esercizi d’esame ripresi dagli appelli passati.

L’esame è scritto e consiste nel risolvere tre esercizi:

1. Il primo esercizio richiede di risolvere una rete non lineare contenete dei diodi. Allo studente è chiesto di individuare lo stato di funzionamento dei diodi al variare di una variabile nel circuito (ad esempio una tensione di polarizzazione). Si può richiedere di tracciare l’andamento di una variabile di uscita (generalmente una tensione) e/o di disegnare l’andamento del transitorio in risposta ad uno stimolo sinusoidale, oppure di calcolare il guadagno di piccolo segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità dello studente di analizzare reti non lineari contenenti diodi e di comunicare in maniera chiara quanto appreso.

2. Il secondo esercizio richiede il calcolo del punto di lavoro di un circuito contenente transistor MOS o bipolari. In seguito è richiesto di calcolare il guadagno e di tracciare la risposta in frequenza, oppure di calcolare la dinamica del segnale.

Lo scopo è quello di verificare la comprensione dello studente del funzionamento elettrico del transistor e delle tecniche di analisi circuitale (piccolo segnale, risposta in frequenza), nonché la capacità di esprimere in maniera chiara l’analisi del circuito.

3. Il terzo esercizio richiede la soluzione di un circuito contenente un amplificatore operazionale (opamp). In genere, nel primo punto dell’esercizio si richiede la soluzione della rete considerando l’opamp ideale. Nei punti successivi si richiede di analizzare lo stesso circuito considerando alcune non idealità dell’opamp, come guadagno finito o offset. Lo scopo è quello di verificare la capacità di analisi di circuiti contenenti opamp ideali, di comprensione dei limiti fisici degli opamp, nonché la padronanza dialettica dei concetti appresi.

L’esame dura tre ore. E’ richiesta la registrazione all’esame sul portale dove sono riportate le informazioni relative alla data il luogo e l’ora dell’appello di esame. Trattandosi di un corso integrato con quello di Elettronica Digitale, il voto finale sarà il risultato della media aritmetica tra il voto della prova di Elettronica Analogica ed il voto della prova di Elettronica Digitale.

Teoria

-Richiami di teoria delle reti1,2 (6 ore)

-Il diodo a semiconduttore2,3,4 (9 ore)

Comportamento a grandi e piccoli segnali. Circuiti con i diodi.

-Il transistor bipolare2,5 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor bipolare. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno.

-Il transistor MOS2,6 (9 ore)

Funzionamento del transistor bipolare. Polarizzazione. Circuito equivalente a piccolo segnale. Stadi di guadagno. Confronto con il transistor bipolare.

-L'amplificatore operazionale2,7 (9 ore)

Definizione di amplificatore operazionale. La reazione negativa. Circuiti di guadagno ad anello chiuso con l'amplificatore operazionale.

Esercitazione

-Analisi e sintesi di circuiti elettronici2,8,9 (12 ore)

1. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 5-38

2. Baschirotto, "Note del corso" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

3. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 139-211

4. S. D’Amico “Chapter 2: The Semiconductor Diode” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

5. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 377-503

6. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

7. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits" – Oxford University Press – 2004 pages 63-112

8. S. D’Amico “Esempi di esercizi d’esame e esercizi d’esame svolti” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

9. Sedra, Smith "Microelectronic Circuits - Solutions " – Oxford University Press – 2004

Fundamental bases of Analog Electronics are required.

The course is aimed at providing principles and tools to analyze and design analog circuits in CMOS integrated technology.

After the course the student should be able to:

1) Describe the basic analog circuits (bandgap reference, current mirrors, differential couple, Miller opamp, class A and class AB output stages, etc…).

2) Evaluate the performance parameters and discuss complexity issues associated with different basic analog circuits.

3) Demonstrate circuit analysis capability of not standard circuits.

4) Understand the technology limits in circuit design.

5) Use the simulator to analyse performance of analog circuits.

6) Express properly the results of the analysis and the design of analog circuits.

The Course forecasts 33 hours of theoretical lectures about technology description and fundamental circuit analysis. The theoretical concepts are verified in laboratory by using state of the art circuit simulator. 36 hours of laboratory are forecast. Moreover, 12 lectures about manual analysis and design of circuit examples are proposed.

The final (oral) exam consists of two cascaded parts:

1. the first part is based on the discussion about a report on the assigned circuit. The circuit must be simulated at the calculator. The student is asked to learn using the simulator, to illustrate the circuit design, to evaluate the performance parameters, and to define the operation of each part of the circuit. it is aimed to verify to what extent the student has gained knowledge and understanding of the use of the circuit simulator and the circuit analysis.

2. the second part is on circuit analysis of one of the basic circuits studied during the course; it is aimed to determine to what extent the student the circuit analysis capability, ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined problems, problem solving abilities and the capacity integrate different concepts and tools.

• The MOS transistor1,2,3,4,5,6 (6 ore)

-Description of the NMOS transistor

-Second order effects: velocity saturation of carriers and variation of the threshold voltage

-Noise in MOS device

-MOS transistor layout

• Passive components1,7 (6 ore)

-Integrated capacitors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

-Integrated resistors: implementation, accuracy and layout issue

• Analog switches1,8 (6 ore)

-Analog switches implementation

-Charge injection and clock feedtrough

• Bias circuits1,9,10 (6 ore)

-CMOS current mirrors

-Current reference

-Voltage reference

• Basic gain stages1,11 (9 ore)

-Gain stages

-Output stages

-Level shifter

• Exercitation

-Analysis and design of circuit examples1 (12 ore)

• Laboratory

-Design experiences by using the circuit simulator 12 (36 ore):

• • Transistor Behaviour:

Coarse MOS parameter extraction

MOS behaviour worst case variation

Channel length modulation effects

Low-voltage current mirror design

VTH dependence on MOS gate length (L)

VTH dependence on MOS gate width (W)

Velocity saturation effects

• • Circuit design

A Low-voltage bandgap

A two-stage opamp

1. Baschirotto, "Slides del corso" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

2. S. D’Amico “Chapter 4: The MOS transistor” (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)

3. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 7-45.

4. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 102-107.

5. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 116-130.

6. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 187-226.

7. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 108-115.

8. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 401-451.

9. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 131-175.

10. Gray, Hurst, Lewis, Mayer “Analysis and design of integrated circuits” Fourth edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pages 299-332

11. Johns & Martin “Analog Integrated circuits design”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pages 227-310.

12. A. Baschirotto, S. D’Amico "IDESA Advanced tutorial series" (http://microel_group.unisalento.it/)